![]() ![]() However, the benefits of certain periods of bathing interventions have not been reported. Our previous cross-sectional studies found good subjective health status, sufficient sleep and rest, low levels of stress, and high subjective happiness in individuals who had a habit of bathing in hot water everyday. The weekly frequency of bathing varies by season: in summer, shower bathing occurs, on average 4.4 times per week versus immersion bathing at 3.4 times (at 39.4 ± 1.4☌ for 9.4 ± 8.8 min) in winter, immersion bathing occurs, on average, 5.0 times per week (at 41.2 ± 1.2☌ for 12.9 ± 9.7 min) and shower bathing at 1.6 times. Ī survey of bathing practices in Japan revealed that 80% of participants enjoyed bathing (either in a bathtub or shower) and more than 80% reported sensations or feelings of warmth, relaxation, relief from fatigue, and refreshment after immersion bathing. It is known that the most beneficial effect of so-called immersion bathing is vasodilation induced by hyperthermic action, which results in systemic elevation of the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the periphery and increased elimination of carbon dioxide and metabolic waste materials. In Japan, immersion of the whole body in warm water (around 40☌) is a common habit. Bathing in a shower is the most common form of bathing. Another aspect of lifestyle that varies is bathing, several forms of which include bathing in a conventional shower, steam shower, sauna, or bathtub. Lifestyles can vary widely, and several lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, sleep, alcohol consumption, and smoking are associated with health and survival. Immersion bathing should improve both physical and emotional aspects of quality of life. Immersion bathing, but not shower bathing, exerts hyperthermic action that induces increased blood flow and metabolic waste elimination, which may afford physical refreshment. Profile of Mood State scores were lower for stress, tension-anxiety, anger-hostility, and depression-dejection. The SF-8 Health Survey showed significantly better general health, mental health, role emotional, and social functioning scores. Visual analog scale scores were significantly better for fatigue, stress, pain, and smile and tended to be better for self-reported heath and skin condition after bathing intervention than after showering intervention. This randomized controlled trial compared the effects on health of immersion bathing and shower bathing in 38 participants who received 2-week intervention of immersion bathing in warm water (40☌) for 10 min (bathing intervention) followed by 2-week shower bathing without immersion (showering intervention) or vice versa (n = 19 each group). Cross-sectional studies report better subjective health status with an immersion bathing habit. Whole-body immersion bathing in warm water (~40☌) is common in Japan and exerts sufficient hyperthermic action to induce vasodilatation and increase blood flow, supplying more oxygen and nutrients to the periphery. Showering is the most common form of bathing worldwide. ![]()
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